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Block I Illinois Library Illinois Open Publishing Network

19 Becoming a Librarian at Different Types of Orgnizations

Yanling Liu

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this chapter, learners should be able to:

  • Be familiar with different types of librarianship including academic librarianship, public librarianship, school librarianship, and special librarianship
  • Understand specific roles of librarians in different kinds of organizations including a typical workday, pros and cons, and how to secure a similar job
  • Be able to evaluate own career plans related to Library and Information Science
  • Learn about observations of trends and hot topics in the field

Content Overview

You will check your knowledge about libraries and librarians through 10 True or False questions. In each following session, you will learn from a real librarian representing a different type of librarianship. You will go through an introduction, a day in the life career, and observations of trends and hot topics of four kinds of librarianships. In the end, you will reflect on what you have learned and discuss relevant issues to solidify your knowledge and enhance learning.

True or False

  1. The library is all about books, books, and books: T F
  2. All Librarians work in Libraries: T F
  3. All Librarians are older women that wear glasses, cardigans, and buns in their hair: T F
  4. Librarians read or shelve books all day: T F
  5. Libraries are for nerds: T F
  6. Libraries are quiet spaces, no exceptions: T F
  7. EBooks are forever (or at least for as long as the internet exists): T F
  8. I own my eBook so I can donate it to the library: T F
  9. An author holds the copyright to his or her work: T F
  10. The Internet is the digital library: T F

Answers and explanations are located at the end of the chapter.

Academic Librarians

Introduction

“Academic libraries serve colleges and universities, their students, staff and faculty.” Becoming an academic librarian, you are able to apply subject expertise because many large institutions have libraries for different schools, and many academic librarians gain faculty status including tenure.[1] There are a wide range of academic librarians such as reference librarians, distance education librarians, social sciences and outreach librarians, collection development librarians, curriculum specialists, ordering librarians, GIS/Data librarians, metadata specialists, and electronic periodicals managers.[2]

A Day in the Life Career: Reference Librarian

A Typical Workday

A typical workday for reference librarians include staffing the research help desk, answering in-personam virtual, and instant messaging (IM) reference questions, giving library instruction including drop-in sessions and course-specific classes, and dealing with collections such as selecting library materials. Considerable time is also given to committee, project work, and professional development.

Pros and Cons

Pros

  • Working with a group of professional librarians
  • Opportunity to utilize subject expertise
  • Opportunity to learn from professional development such as attending conferences, researching, delivering and publishing papers

Cons

  • Wear many hats in a small institution
  • Inability of libraries to react to change promptly

How to Get a Job Like That

Education

  • A MLS/MLIS from an ALA-accredited school
  • Many academic libraries require a second master’s degree

Experience

  • Paraprofessional experience: graduate assistantship at libraries
  • Volunteer experience at academic libraries
  • Any types of public or customer service experience

Coursework

  • Seek a balance between breadth and depth with the help of advisors if possible
  • Few expectation of high specialty in an entry-level position

Skills and abilities

  • Verbal and written communication skills
  • Interpersonal and public service skills

Public speaking/presenting

Project management: a combination of

  • Multitasking
  • Time management
  • Organizational and facilitative skills
  • Timely and efficient communication
  • Ability to delegate responsibility[3]

Observations of Trends and Hot Topics in the Field

Observations of Trends and Hot Topics in the Field From Books

  • Media
  • Distance/online education
  • Scholarship and information literacy
  • Copyright
  • Scholarly communication,
  • Academic library services[4]

Top Trends from ACRL

  • Covid-related trends: library staffing challenges; space utilization
  • Collaborative collections and growth of shared print
  • Open everything
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Data
  • Critical librarianship[5]

Observations of Trends and Hot Topics in the Field From Research

  • Training and competency skills, library access, advanced technology, funds and information resources[6]
  • Use collaborative softwares such as Borrow Direct to meet students’ academic research needs[7]
  • Apply five principles: alignment, accountability, agility, accessibility, and assessment to manage change such as a new consumer mentality in higher education[8]
  • Become a community resource partner for entrepreneurs[9]
  • Internationalization such as building an international collection, building collaboration internationally, and international benchmarking and quality assurance[10]
  • Library outreach assessment[11]
  • Social media usage and necessary support in academic libraries[12]
  • Fundraising; grant proposal[13]
  • Human-mediated reference services are still a must in the digital environment, and new reference services types include roving reference services, tiered reference services, and virtual reference services; embedded librarianship; individual consultation service[14]
  • Facilitate post-covid-19 food security and serve as information disseminators in times of emergency[15]
  • Develop structured policies to support the achievement of the sustainable development goal[16]
  • Library cooperation and resource sharing: open access; interlibrary loan[17] [18] [19]
  • Management and automation rather than resource provision; information explosion[20]
  • Marketing[21]
  • Library-oriented AI applications to take over the repetitive day-to-day activities[22]
  • Librarian and faculty collaboration: liaison programmes[23]

Public Librarians

Introduction

Public librarians wear many hats and “have a diverse and exciting range of responsibilities, projects, and opportunities.”[24] There are a wide range of public librarians such as adult services librarians, teen librarians, children’s librarians, client services librarians, multimedia librarians, territorial librarians, and technical services managers.[25]

A Day in the Life Career: Adult Services Librarian

A Typical Workday

While every day is unique for an adult services librarian, a typical workday includes duties such as staffing the reference desk, working on projects such as developing bibliographic instruction materials, giving library instruction, collection management, reader’s advisory, interlibrary loan management, serials management, website management, taking educational courses, and attending staff meetings.

Pros and Cons

Pros

  • Opportunity to serve and learn from patrons
  • Opportunity to learn how the library is running
  • Giving reader’s advisory
  • Working with adults as opposed to children

Cons

  • Staffing the reference desk for a prolonged time period and getting burned out

How to Get a Job Like That

  • Get customer service experience
  • Shadow an experienced librarian
  • Get an internship or practicum in the local public library and know people who will be your references and offer job opportunities
  • Networking; join email lists; attend informational interviews and conferences; visit placement centers
  • Be brave to apply for jobs that might seem a little over your head
  • Dress for success, be yourself, and relax in an interview[26]

Observations of Trends and Hot Topics in the Field From Research

  • Relevancy; balance between book providers, community anchors, and trusted centers for social resources[27]
  • Interdisciplinary partnerships with social work; core competencies[28]
  • Marketing via electronic media[29]
  • Role as a supplement for higher education institution (HEI) libraries[30]
  • Customer-centered marketing[31]
  • Value demonstration to society[32] [33] [34]
  • Friendly competition with schools for education market[35]
  • Self-service libraries[36]
  • Decreased importance of collection and increased importance of physical space and facilities; tailor services to meet the needs of patrons from different demographic backgrounds[37]
  • Business information[38]

School Librarians

Introduction

School librarians work with both students and teachers to facilitate access to information, improve information literacy, and introduce students to literature and other sources to broaden horizons.[39] Two special types of school librarians are private school librarians and international school librarians.[40]

A Day in the Life Career: International School Librarian

A Typical Workday

A typical workday for international school librarians is a face against time. Tasks include helping students with assignments in the last minute, helping parents choosing age-appropriate books for children, teaching library classes by telling stories, creating interactive activities, and teaching library skills, having a book talk, finishing administrative tasks such as maintaining a book collection, designing a display, and researching trendy teaching methods or curriculum development.

Pros and Cons

Pros

  • Busy, creative, and never dull
  • Opportunity to utilize creativity to develop a dynamic and innovative workplace
  • Easy to get acquaintance with a small student population
  • Work with students and teachers from all around the world
  • Opportunity to learn and second language and travel

Cons

  • Abandon all trainings and experience and get back to basics if working in a developing country
  • Have a very busy schedule working in pre-K 12 schools
  • Ability to be bilingual to conduct duties

How to Get a Job Like That

  • Have at least two years of experiences of school librarianship
  • Be willing to travel and work abroad
  • Subscribe to newsletters and hunter for jobs in the Internet[41]

Observations of Trends and Hot Topics in the Field From Research

  • Recognitions that rewards school librarians in terms of status and salary[42]
  • Business and entrepreneurial skills; liaise with business and industry; specialization[43]
  • Collaboration with public libraries[44]
  • Collaboration with academic libraries[45]
  • Information literacy; teaching collaboration; enquiry-based learning; comparable studies[46] [47]
  • Use of graphically-recorded information and foreign complementary reading resources in Africa[48]
  • Integration of library self-evaluation into the wider school self-evaluation in England[49]
  • Value demonstration to society; student success; more variety in school library research[50]
  • Delegate school library services in England[51]
  • Technology integration leadership training[52]
  • Online pedagogy[53]
  • Advocacy education[54]
  • User education in secondary school level[55]
  • College information education[56]
  • Collaboration with teachers [57]

Special Librarians

Introduction

Many special librarians work in places outside libraries such as “corporations, hospitals, the military, museums, law firms, advertising agencies, professional associations, private businesses, and the government.” Many of them have non-library job titles and serve unique populations or unique collections.[58] There are a wide range of special librarians such as medical librarians, golf librarians, law librarians, armed forces librarians, librarians for the blind and disabled, and coordinators of correctional librarians.[59]

A Day in the Life Career: medial Librarian, Pediatric Hospital Library

A Typical Workday

A typical workday for medical librarians who work at a pediatric library include doing literature searches, getting articles, assisting patrons with their own researches, helping with copying issues, serving committee, and “maintaining the collection, shelving, teaching statistics, budgeting, ordering supplies, paying invoices”.

Pros and Cons

Pros

  • Get instant feedback that your job has make a difference

Cons

  • Managing reorganization or extreme changes in budgeting
  • Difficulty in controlling the inventory of the collection because of 24 hour access
  • Difficulty in replacing medical books
  • Difficulty in keeping the collection up to date

How to Get a Job Like That

  • Search jobs in local newspapers and a state job line or by contacting your library school for opportunities
  • Stress experience of children’s services or medial services
  • Ability to be flexible, be a team player, be willing to learn
  • Take courses related to children’s literature and storytelling
  • Market your services and train your patrons to think of you as a resource
  • Be visible outside libraries[60]

Observations of Trends and Hot Topics in the Field From Research

  • LIS education[61] [62]
  • Value demonstration to society[63]
  • Support for continuing professional development[64]
  • Professional competencies training[65]
  • Networks and consortia; subject gateways; digital technology as a preservation tool; marketing; information consolidation and repackaging; outsourcing; flexi-workforce; knowledge management; participative management[66]
  • Special library education[67]

 

Reflection and Discussion

  • What kinds of librarians are you most familiar with? How has this chapter altered your understanding of librarianship if any?
  • After reading this chapter, do you have a rough idea of your future career? If so, what is it? How might your identities and experiences affect your career choice? It is helpful to talk about the kinds of working environments you enjoy, compare the pros and cons of each type of librarian, and set a goal according to the career advice.
  • After reading the observed trends and hot topics of each type of librarian, do you have an interesting trend or find out potential future directions? Do any trends surprise you and make you want to learn more about it? What according to your observations should be included in these trends and hot topics?

 

Answers for True or False

  1. False: the library is about so much more than books. Connecting folks with social services, resume and job application assistance, learning a new language…there’s so much more the Library does.[68]
  2. False: People with a Masters in Library Science work anywhere where information is needed, although their job title may not include the word librarian. They can be found in such diverse industries as biotechnology, software development, data management, advertising and marketing, publishing, museums, archives, government, or nonprofit companies such as the American Red Cross.[69]
  3. False: Librarians can be any nationality, race, age or gender. You can’t always tell who is a librarian by what they look like.[70]
  4. False: Librarians work with finding, reviewing, evaluating and applying information to solve particular problems; this includes activities that focus on organizing it or working with people to find and use it.[71]
  5. False: There are two problems here. Problem one, why is being a “nerd” a bad thing? Problem two, libraries are for EVERYONE. Libraries are meant to be a welcome space for everyone, regardless of how smart you are, how much money you have in the bank or even whether or not you live in our district. The library is a place where people can expect to be treated with respect and find the information they are looking for. Libraries put you in contact with information and media you might not be able to access elsewhere. Public libraries are built for the community and that means we are built for you![72]
  6. False: “While there are many libraries that still offer quiet areas for their patrons to study, read and contemplate, the era of strict shushing by librarians is becoming a memory.”[73]
  7. False: Unlike print books, an eBook you purchase may or may not be available to you perpetually (more on that next!). Right now, the five major publishers offer books to libraries via “metered access,” which means that after a certain number of checkouts or a set amount of time the book must be repurchased by the library for the title to remain in its digital collection.[74]
  8. False: Not only do you not own a digital eBook or eAudiobook the same way you own the print books on your bookshelf, but you also cannot donate them. What you purchased is not an eBook, but a license to use a copy of that eBook. That license prevents you from reselling it or donating it as you could with a physical book. With physical books, you hold what’s known as the right of first resale, which does not exist with licenses. Go read the license agreement on your favorite eBook for the specifics.[75]
  9. IT’S COMPLICATED: Publishers usually license the rights to a book. In years past, print, digital and audio were negotiated under separate licenses. With a handful of larger publishers, terms for author contracts — excepting the very famous authors’ — have become fairly standardized over time and now include both digital and audio rights. Some authors may have had previous digital publication rights revert back to them while their print books are still under contract with a publisher. The important takeaway is that eBooks and eAudiobooks legally are treated differently than print books at every step of the publishing process, which impacts both creators and consumers.[76]
  10. False: the Internet and the World Wide Web are to libraries what a fleamarket is to the Library of Congress. For many common library requests, locating information on the Internet remains highly inefficient compared to traditional library sources, especially for unfamiliar users. Finding information is difficult, the quality of the information is quite variable, and reliable, professional assistance for the confused and lost is lacking.[77]
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